The chronic inflammatory changes of rheumatoid arthritis in the joints of the fingers produce retraction of the tendons. The swan-neck deformity is caused by hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint with simultaneous flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint. If you try this manipulation on yourself, you will clearly recognize the etiology of the name. The boutonniere (or buttonhole) deformity is caused by hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal joint with simultaneous flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint.
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| Swan-Neck Deformity. |
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| Swan Neck |
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| Boutonniere Deformity. |
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| Boutonniere. |
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