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Shoulder dislocation


  • The gleno-humeral joint is the commonest joint in the body to dislocate.
  • Related to lack of bony stability.
  • Bimodal age distribution – men aged 20–30 and women aged 60–80.
  • Anterior, posterior and inferior seen in decreasing order of frequency.
  • Anterior dislocations usually secondary to a fall. The labrum detaches allowing the humeral head to dislocate anteriorly.
  • With posterior dislocations, the head is displaced directly backwards and is usually secondary to a direct blow or fall onto an internally rotated hand. It can be missed following a difficult obstetric delivery.
  • Anterior shoulder dislocation : Majority seen well on the standard AP view.An axial or apical view may be obtained if in doubt.The greater tuberosity may be fractured. Hill–Sachs lesion: A depression of the postero-lateral aspect of humeral head; common with recurrent dislocations, as the humeral head hits the glenoid. Bankart lesion: Anterior glenoid labrum defect best seen on MRI. Bulbous distortion of the scapulo-humeral arch.
  • Posterior shoulder dislocation : Best seen on the axillary view. Light-bulb sign on AP view and widened gleno-humeral space ( 6 mm). The scapulo-humeral arch may have an abnormally sharp angle. Trough sign, an associated compression fracture of the antero-medial humeral surface, seen as a sclerotic line parallel to the articular surface.
Anterior and posterior shoulder dislocation.
Anterior and posterior shoulder dislocation.


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