Early diagnosis or exclusion of infection and inflammation is critical for the optimal management of patients with such common disorders. Currently, the integration of molecular imaging using PET with other structural imaging modalities including CT and MRI provides a unique tool combining both functional data with precise anatomic details of the body. Greatest utility of PET imaging has been reported in osteomyelitis, complicated lower-limb prostheses, complicated diabetic foot, arthritis, fever of unknown origin, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, lung and pleural diseases, atherosclerosis, vasculitis, clots, vascular graft infection and fistula. Fused molecular and structural imaging has been recognized and increasingly employed for detecting, characterizing, and monitoring patients with suspected and proven infections, and inflammatory disorders of known and unknown etiologies.
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